LS

Section: User Commands (1)

Updated: March 2004

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-a, --all

do not hide entries starting with .

-A, --almost-all

do not list implied . and ..

--author

print the author of each file

-b, --escape

print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

--block-size=SIZE

use SIZE-byte blocks

-B, --ignore-backups

do not list implied entries ending with ~

-c

with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information)             with -l: show ctime and sort by name

otherwise: sort by ctime

-C

list entries by columns

--color[=WHEN]

control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'

-d, --directory

list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links

-D, --dired

generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

-f

do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

-F, --classify

append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

--format=WORD

across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

--full-time

like -l --time-style=full-iso

-g

like -l, but do not list owner

-G, --no-group

inhibit display of group information

-h, --human-readable

print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

--si

likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

-H, --dereference-command-line

follow symbolic links listed on the command line

--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir

follow each command line symbolic link

that points to a directory

--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:

none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

-i, --inode

print index number of each file

-I, --ignore=PATTERN

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

-k

like --block-size=1K

-l

use a long listing format

-L, --dereference

when showing file information for a symbolic link,

show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself

-m

fill width with a comma separated list of entries

-n, --numeric-uid-gid

like -l, but list numeric UIDs and GIDs

-N, --literal

print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)

-o

like -l, but do not list group information

-p, --file-type

append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

-q, --hide-control-chars

print ? instead of non graphic characters

--show-control-chars

show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)

-Q, --quote-name

enclose entry names in double quotes

--quoting-style=WORD

use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape

-r, --reverse

reverse order while sorting

-R, --recursive

list subdirectories recursively

-s, --size

print size of each file, in blocks

-S

sort by file size

--sort=WORD

extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

--time=WORD

show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status;

use specified time as sort key if --sort=time

--time-style=STYLE

show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT

FORMAT is interpreted like `date';

if FORMAT is FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;

if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale

-t

sort by modification time

-T, --tabsize=COLS

assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

-u

with -lt: sort by, and show, access time

with -l: show access time and sort by name

otherwise: sort by access time

-U

do not sort; list entries in directory order

-v

sort by version

-w, --width=COLS

assume screen width instead of current value

-x

list entries by lines instead of by columns

-X

sort alphabetically by entry extension

-1

list one file per line

SELinux options:

--lcontext

Display security context. Enable -l. Lines will probably be too wide for most displays.

-Z, --context

Display security context so it fits on most displays.

Displays only mode, user, group, security context and file name.

--scontext

Display only security context and file name.

--help

display this help and exit

--version

output version information and exit

SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following: kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.

By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is equivalent to using --color=none. Using the --color option without the optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using --color=always. With --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected to a terminal (tty).  

AUTHOR

REPORTING BUGS

COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

SEE ALSO

The full documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and ls programs are properly installed at your site, the command

info coreutils ls

should give you access to the complete manual.